Intro to Statistics and Mathematics

Basic Skills To acquire the knowledge and understanding that provide a basis or opportunity for originality in developing and/or applying ideas, often in a research context. Students must possess the learning skills that enable them to continue studying in a way that will be largely self-directed or autonomous. General Skills Students can apply advanced mathematical knowledge to economic analysis. Students can apply advanced knowledge of specific programs of economics, mathematics and econometrics. Specific Skills Students are able to interpret: - the basic concepts of topology in Euclidean spaces of any dimension and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - advanced problems of sequences and series of real numbers and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - advanced problems of continuous functions, convex and concave functions, differentiable functions and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - advanced problems of convergence of sequences and series of functions and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - the basic problem of the measure and integration of functions, understanding the main characteristics and differences between Rieman and Lebesgue integral, and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - the basic problem of the convergence of sequences of integrals, and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - the classical theorems of fixed points and apply them to problems of economic analysis; - advanced problems of correspondences and parametric optimization optimization, and apply them to problems of economic analysis. Learning Results 1. Mastery of the analysis of functions of one or more variables and in metric or normed spaces, as well as basic concepts of topology in these spaces, in particular by adopting an open finding-solutions-and-counterexamples approach. 2. To familiarize students with the mathematical language and the rigor of its statements. 3. Mastery of abstract analysis. 4. To develop the ability to make assumptions that simplify the problems, by giving partial solutions that may be sufficient for a general problem. 5. Mastery of basic mathematical applications in economics, in particular optimization theory, topology, the theorems of continuous functions and correspondences, and fixed point theorems.

The course is intended to cover most of the mathematical tools required to follow standard first year graduate courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics and statistics.The topics covered are the fundamentals of real analysis and Euclidean spaces, including open and closed sets, compact sets, sequences, series, limits, continuity, differentiability, integration, sequences of functions, and metric and normed spaces. The course also includes fixed point theory for functions and correspondences and the Theorem of the Maximum of Berge. 1. - Set Theory and the Real Line - Ordered Sets. Finite, Countable and Uncountable Sets. The Real Field. - Euclidean Spaces. Open, Closed and Compact Sets. 2. - Numerical Sequences and Series - Convergent Sequences. Subsequences. Cauchy Sequences. - Convergent and Divergent Series. Absolute Convergence - Series of Nonnegative Terms. The Root and Ratio Test. - Power Series. 3. - Continuity - Limits of Functions. Continuous Functions. - Theorems on Continuous Functions. - Monotone Functions. Convex and Concave Functions. 4. - Differentiation - The Derivative of a Real Function. - Partial and Directional Derivatives. Differentiability. - Inverse and Implicit Function Theorems. - Higher Order Derivatives. Taylor Theorem 5. - Integration - Definition and Properties of the Riemann Integral. - Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus and Barrow¿s Rule. - Improper Integrals. - Introduction to the Lebesgue Integral. 6. - Sequences and Series of Functions - Punctual and Uniform Convergence. Equicontinuity. - Uniform Convergence and Continuity, Differentiation and Integration. 7. - Metric Spaces - Distance. Metric and Normed Spaces. - Open, Closed and Compact Sets. - Complete Metric Spaces. - Function Spaces. 8. - Fixed Point Theorems of Functions - Theorems of Brower and of Schauder-Tychonoff. - Theorem of Banach. - Theorem of Tarski 9. - Correspondences - Definition and Properties of Correspondences. - Lower and Upper Hemi-Continuous Correspondences. - Theorem of the Fixed Point of Kakutani. 10. - Parametric Optimization - Maximum Theorem. - Supermodularity and Monotonicity.

Training activities Theorical class Practical classes Team work Individual student work Beginning in the work of bibliographic sources Tutoring Teaching methodologies Presentations in the teacher's class with computer and audiovisual media support, in which the main concepts of the subject are developed and the bibliography is provided to complement the learning of the students. Critical reading of texts recommended by the teacher of the subject: Press articles, reports, manuals and / or academic articles, either for later discussion in class, or to expand and consolidate the knowledge of the subject. Resolution of practical cases, problems, etc. ¿raised by the teacher individually or in groups Exhibition and discussion in class, under the teacher's moderation of topics related to the content of the subject, as well as in practical cases Preparation of works and reports individually or in groups