This course focuses on the study of political participation¿particularly non-electoral political participation¿in democratic contexts. That is, it centers on citizens as political actors. The course thoroughly analyzes the main determinants of citizens' political engagement, beginning with their political attitudes toward the political system, as well as their levels and forms of participation. The course aims to understand the relationship between citizens and politics from a multifactorial perspective, paying close attention to theories that explain participation at different levels (micro, meso, and macro theories) and to the interaction between these various elements.

1. The Evolution of the Role of Citizenship in Democracy 2. Basic Orientations and Attitudes Toward Democracy: Types, Origins, and Development 3. Political Participation: Conceptualization, Types, Levels, and Evolution 4. Political Participation: Individual-Level Explanatory Theories 5. Political Participation: Meso-Level Explanatory Theories 6. Political Participation: Macro-Level Explanatory Theories 7. Electoral Participation: Individual and Institutional Explanations 8. Inequality in Political Participation: Causes and Consequences 9. New Activisms

LECTURES. Lectures by the instructor in class with the support of computer and audiovisual media, including the main concepts of the subject and the materials and bibliography provided to complement students' learning PRACTICES. The resolution, individually or in groups, of practical cases, problems, etc. raised by the instructor. OFFICE HOURS. Individualized assistance (individual tutorials) or group (collective tutorials) to students by the instructor.