History of Philosophy (II) presents a historical and conceptual introduction to Western Modernity from its beginnings in the 17th century until the mid-20th century. We select some of the most representative authors of this period, the problems they pose and discourses and theories produces over these three centuries. The course will attend both to the historical moment in which such theories emerge and to the profound contemporary implications of those theories and conceptualizations. At the end of the course, the student must attain a global vision of the philosophical meaning of Modernity and the processes it imples.
The course is divided into three sections, both thematic and chronological.
I. Early modernity and radical Enlightenment. From consciousness to the idea of ¿¿progress.
1. Descartes. The Self and the mathesis universalis
2. Rationalism and radical Enlightenment. 18th century panorama
3. Reason, but also feeling and subjectivity. Rousseau.
4. Time of criticism: Kant, a new subject, a new knowledge, a new morality.
5. Criticism, reason and progress. Kant and the new philosophy of history.
II. Romanticism, but also capitalism. From the exaltations of the self to the harsh social reality.
6. Dreams, monsters and nightmares of reason. Introduction to romanticism.
7. The absolute display of reason. Aspirations and failures. Hegel.
8. Reason as error. Nietzsche
9. Marx's critique of capitalism. Interpretive traditions until today.
10. Theory of history and critique of capitalism. Prospects for emancipation
III. On crisis, catastrophes and hopes. Linguistic turn, existentialism and critical theory.
11. The crisis at the end of the century: 1900 and the precipice of the 20th century.
12. Output 1. Not reason, but language. Wittgenstein and the linguistic turn
13. Exit 2. Not reason, but Being. Heidegger and the so-called existentialism.
14. Exit 3. Capitalism and cultural industry. Critical theory.
