The Aero-thermochemical Systems course is divided into two different parts: the first (Part I) deals with the fundamental aspects of the Aero-thermochemical conversion processes, mostly combustion reactions, and the second (Part II) adresses the study of conversion processes in the context of Aero-thermochemical systems with industrial application.
1. The science of aerothermochemistry. (Part I)
- Historical perspective.
- Combustion as a science.
- Current developments.
2. Multicomponent mixtures. (Part I)
- Composition.
* Mass fractions.
* Molar fractions.
* Concentrations.
- Equations of state for ideal gas mixtures.
* The thermal equation of state.
* The caloric equation of state.
3. Thermochemistry. (Part I)
- Stoichiometric mixture.
- The equivalence ratio.
* Product composition for complete combustion.
+ Lean combustion.
+ Rich combustion.
- Adiabatic flame temperature.
* Definition.
* Heat of combustion.
- Sample calculations.
* Lean hydrogen-air combustion.
* Lean methane-air combustion.
- Complete vs. incomplete combustion.
* Major vs. minor species.
- Chemical equilibrium in reactive systems.
* The equilibrium constant.
* Dissociation of major species.
* Effect of temperature and pressure.
- Sample calculations.
* Dissociation of air.
* Adiabatic flame temperature and product composition of stoichiometric/rich H2 and HC-air mixtures.
4. Conservation equations for reactive systems in integral form. (Part I)
- Mass conservation equation.
- Species conservation equation.
- Momentum conservation equation.
- Energy conservation equation.
* Conservation equation of thermal enthalpy.
* The constant cp approximation.
* The rate of heat release.
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5. Power systems and steam generators. (Part II)
- Transition from science to combustion technology.
- Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation (hereogeneous combustion of coal).
- Traditional and advanced burning technologies (IGCC, Chemical looping, Fuel cells, energy penalties of CO2 capture).
- Fundamentals on new process for power production.
- Environmental aspects.
* CO2 capture.
- Steam Generator as a way to reduce CO2 emissions.
6. Design of reactors for thermal conversion. (Part II)
- Fundamentals on material and energy balances
- Fundamentals on Thermal systems and reactor design for thermal conversion.
- General procedure for Material & Energy Balance Problems.
- Case Study.
7. Boilers and heat recovery steam generators (HRSG). (Part II)
- Principles of boiler operation.
- Classification of boilers.
* Water tube-boilers.
* Fire/smoke tube boilers.
- Boiler Specifications.
- Fundamentals of boiler heat transfer design.
- Fuel type.
- Boiler slagging and fouling.
- Fuel ash corrosion.
- Definitions used in boiler efficiency calculations.
- Heat absorption and efficiency calculations (Heat fired, steam generator efficiency direct and indirect method ) (off-design example)
- Pseudoadiabatic flame temperature.
- Combine cycle and cogeneration application of HRSG and waste heat boilers.
- Gas turbine HRSGs.
- Flue gas composition, gas pressure, fired and unfired modes.
- Design temperature profile calculations.
- Emission Control in HRSGs.
- Improving the HRSG efficiency.
8. Heat transfer in boilers and HRSGs. (Part II)
- Liquid side:
* Phase equilibrium and dimensional parameters in boiling and condensation.
* Boiling heat transfer.
* Boiling modes (The boiling curve).
* Pool boiling.
* Forced convection boiling (external, internal).
* Special topic on Heat transfer in Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation: HEAT TRANSFER IN CONDENSERS: CLOSED FEEDWATER HEATERS, cFWH¿s.
- Gas side:
* Fundamentals.
+ Gas side heat transfer in boilers and HRSGs.
+ Gas radiation (nonluminous).
+ Absorption coefficient and optical thickness.
+ Absorptivity and emissivity.
+ Radiative exchange in a gas filled enclosure.
+ Particle matter radiation (luminous).
* Heat radiation in furnaces, boilers and HRSGs.
+ Heat Radiation models in Furnaces.
The speckled enclosure.
+ Convective heating surfaces in boilers and HRSGs.
Finned and bare tubes.
Convection radiation problems in convective surfaces.
9. Thermal design of boilers and HRSG. (Part II)
- Coal-fired boilers design.
* Principles of Boiler Operation.
* Major steam-water boiler components.
* Steam Drum and steam water system.
* Furnace thermal design.
* The well-stirred combustion chamber model.
- HRSG boilers design.
* Water tube HRSG boiler design consideration.
* HRSG design issues.
* Thermal design aspects of unfired HRSG.
* Sizing of HRSG¿s.
* Case study.
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10. Combustion kinetics. (Part I)
- Chemical kinetics
* The Law of mass action.
* The Arrhenius equation and the limit of high activation energy.
* Reaction constants and equilibrium constant.
- Global vs. elementary reactions in combustion processes
* Detailed and reduced mechanisms.
* One-step irreversible models.
* The characteristic reaction time.
* Hydrogen combustion. Types of elementary reactions.
* Hydrocarbon combustion.
- The steady state approximation.
* Combustion of hydrogen with chlorine
* Zel'dovich analysis of thermal NO production.
11. Combustion in homogeneous systems. (Part I)
- Steady combustion in a well-stirred adiabatic reactor.
* The Damköhler number.
* Ignition and extinction: The S-shaped curve.
12. Flames. (Part I)
- Premixed vs. Non-premixed flames.
- Premixed vs. Non-premixed flames.
- Non-premixed flames.
Electronic Resources *