1) Globalisation and the proliferation of courts. General features of international and regional courts. 2) Proliferation and types of international courts; universal jurisdiction and national courts. 3) The current situation of international courts in a fragmented and transitional world. 4) The International Court of Justice: types of litigation and current issues. 5) The International Criminal Court, ad hoc tribunals, universal jurisdiction. Major international crimes (genocide, war crimes, crimes of aggression, crimes against humanity) and the fight against impunity. The delicta iuris gentium The current situation of criminal tribunals. 6) Jurisdictional protection in integration processes: the Court of Justice of the EU and its bodies; means of access; the procedure in direct appeals and preliminary rulings. 5) Economic disputes and litigation (trade, investment). The role of international economic institutions. The World Bank and its inspection panel. The crisis of the World Trade Organisation and the situation of the dispute settlement system. International investment and the World Bank's International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. Other means of alternative dispute settlement and arbitration tribunals. 6) Human rights and international courts. Special reference to the European Court of Human Rights. The European Union and human rights. Praetorian work and the European Charter of Human Rights. Relevance for Spanish courts. 7) Human rights and the United Nations. The work of the human rights committees. The role of other regional bodies such as the OAS and the African system. 8) Dialogue and clashes between international and national courts. 9) Global public interest litigation. So-called strategic litigation. 10) Courts of global public opinion. 11) Other international tribunals. Law of the Sea Tribunal. Administrative tribunals 12) Some legal issues arising: Principle of legality. Principle of immunity. Other issues.