Students are expected to have completed the basic course of Fixed Income (First Term) and Derivatives (Second Term). Professor: Arturo Labanda - Market Risk Models. Head of Valuation Methodologies (Santander Bank)

This course consists of three parts. The first part refers to fixed income derivatives: we will study interest rate swaps, plain vanilla options (caps and floors) and swaptions. Also we will study complex payoffs as Constant Maturity Swaps, quanto options and we will review the Monte Carlo engine: Hull-White or Libor Market Model. The second part studies equity derivatives using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing framework for pricing non-vanilla options and Monte Carlo methods for pricing exotic options (path-dependent) and their use to design structured products. The third part covers the impact in the valuation techniques due to the changes in the market: OIS discounting, counterparty issues, funding cost, negative rates and the topics where the regulators put the focus: observability of inputs, levelling, etc.

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Part 1. Interest rate derivatives 1. Valuation of interest rate swaps - Types of swaps - IRS vanilla: fixed vs floating, floating vs floating - Cross currencies swaps: vanilla and Mark To Market (resetteable) cross currency swaps - Constant Maturity Swaps 2. Options on interest rates - Volatility surfaces - Caps and Floors - Swaptions - Swaps with embedded options - Convexity and quanto adjustments 3. Models for exotic payoffs: HJM, LMM and HW models Part 2. Equity derivatives 1. Trading strategies with options: spreads, butterflies, straddles and strangles 2. Exotic options using Black-Scholes framework - Asian options - Barrier and binary options - Chooser options - Cliquet options - Lookback options - Exotic options on two assets 3. Structure products: the combination of fixed income and equity derivatives 4. Monte Carlo simulation - Standard Monte Carlo simulation - Monte Carlo simulation for two or more assets Part 3. Changing in models due to changes in Markets 1. OIS discounting: impact in curves construction and valuation 2. Credit and funding issues 3. Rates below 0: from lognormal to shifted lognormal or normal model 4. Fair Value Adjustments (FVAs) 5. Prudent Value Adjusments (AVAs) 6. Observability and Levelling for asset and liabilities

Students will work with Excel. They will be asked to solve different problems during the course. Firstly, they will have to price interest rate options and swaps. The second practical exercise will be to price exotic path-dependent options using Monte Carlo simulation. Students will be asked to price barrier options, lookback options and/or Asian options and comparing the results with Black-Scholes framework formulas. A third activity will be the design of a real structured product (a guarantee investment fund really offered by an investment company). To this end, the students will have to combine and price different path-independent options (digital options, asset-or-nothing options, gap options, etc.) with standard options. Students will be allowed to work on these activities alone, although it will be encouraged to work in small teams (2 or 3 people). Previously to each activity, the professor will explain in class the theoretical background needed to perform each task and will provide hints to work on the activities in an efficient way. After handing-in each exercise, in a weekly basis, it will be discussed in class the difficulties that students have found to do the activity and the correct way to do it.