Phisics, Electronics, nstrumentation and Control and Image processing

The goal of this course is to provide the students with a comprehensive understanding of medical imaging technology for the different modalities, understanding the essential physics and electronics involved. The clinical applications for every modality will also be covered, including the new hybrid devices that combine the advantages of several techniques. After the completion of this course the student should be able to understand the processes involved in the image acquisition for every modality, including how every aspect of the acquisition process can influence the final image quality. These concepts will be always learned linked to the clinical applications of every modality, so the student will be capable of understanding the areas in which every technique solves specific clinical needs.

K5. To know the standards, good practice codes, regulatory framework, and legislation and to be able to apply them to the development of projects in bioengineering and advanced therapies, being aware of the responsibility of the practice of their profession. K6. To understand the existing techniques in signal processing and the theoretical bases of electrical circuits and dynamic systems that allow the analysis and conceptual design of electronic devices to solve problems in biology and medicine. K11. To understand the most common concepts and techniques in the obtention and processing of biomedical images, as well as artificial vision, and to apply them to the resolution of problems of biological and medical interest, with special emphasis in the diagnosis by medical imaging. S3. To analyze and synthesize basic problems related to bioengineering and biomedical sciences, solving them with initiative, appropriate decision making and creativity and communicating solutions efficiently, including social, ethical, health and safety, environmental, economic and industrial implications. S4. Draw up a scientific-technical project in the field of Bioengineering with the appropriate methodology and in accordance with the regulations in force and with respect for ethical principles. S5. To analyse scientific and technical information for decision-making in the field of biomedical engineering by keeping abreast of new developments S6. To solve mathematical, physical, chemical, biological and biochemistry problems that may arise in biomedical engineering, knowing how to interpret the results obtained and reach informed conclusions. S8. Solve problems characteristic of biology, medicine, physics and chemistry, implementing numerical algorithms in modern programming languages using information obtained from databases S9. To handle bioinformatics techniques, programming languages and environments, and basic concepts of artificial intelligence for the development and application of data analysis tools in biomedicine and for the resolution of complex problems in biology and medicine. C2. To be able to analyze complex and multidisciplinary problems from the global point of view of biomedical engineering, promoting their own continuous training and the development of their professional activity independently. C3. Be able to transmit knowledge both orally and in writing, to a specialised and non-specialised audience, working in multidisciplinary and international teams. C4. To develop, organize and plan their work by making the right decisions based on available information, gathering and interpreting relevant data to make judgments within their area of study.

1. Introduction to medical imaging systems 2. X-ray imaging systems 2.1. X-ray production: tubes and generators 2.2. Interaction of radiation with matter 2.3. Conventional radiology 2.4. Special systems: Digital Tomosynthesis, Digital Subtraction Angiography, Dual Energy. 2.5. Computed Tomography Nuclear Medicine 3.1. Radioactivity and radionuclide production. 3.2. Planar Image in Nuclear Medicine 3.4. Tomography in Nuclear Medicine: SPECT and PET 4. Radiation detectors 5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 5.1. Physical principles 5.2. Instrumentation 5.3. Image acquisition: Sequences 5.4. Localization and reconstruction 5.5. Artifacts 6. Ultrasound 6.1. Physical principles 6.2. Transducers 7. Radiation Protection: Dosimetry and biology. 8. Hybrid systems: PET/CT and PET/MR.

Teaching methodology will be mainly based on lectures, seminars and practical sessions. Students are required to read assigned documentation before lectures and seminars. Lectures will be used by the teachers to stress and clarify some difficult or interesting points from the corresponding lesson, previously prepared by the student. Seminars will be mainly dedicated to interactive discussion with the students and short-exams will be passed during the sessions. Grading will be based on continuous evaluation (including short-exams, practical sessions, and student participation in class and Aula Global) and a final exam covering the whole subject. Help sessions and tutorial classes will be held prior to the final exam. Attendance to lectures, short-exams or submission of possible homework is not compulsory. However, failure to attend any exam or submit the exercises before the deadline will result in a mark of 0 in the corresponding continuous evaluation block. The practical sessions may consist on laboratory work or visits to research or clinical centers. A laboratory report will be required for each of them. The attendance to practical sessions is mandatory. Failure to hand in the laboratory reports on time or unjustified lack of attendance will result in 0 marking for that continuous evaluation block.