Chemistry

To understand the main principles of materials science and engineering: relationship between structure, chemical bonding, properties, processing and applications. To know the general properties of the main groups of materials: ceramics, metal, polymers and composites During the course students will work on the following capabilities: - Capability to solve complex problems - Capability to find, understand and discriminate the relevant information to make a proper decission - Capability to apply multidisciplinary knowledge to solve a given problem - Capability for team work: to accept tasks and to distribute tasks among classmates to face complex problems A collaborative attitude will be developed along the course to obtain from other agents skills and knowledge necessary for specific objectives.

1. Families of materials, applications and selection criteria. Classification of materials and their general properties. Structure, properties and processing: examples. Selection of materials: practical examples. Evolution and competition among materials. 2. Bonding. Ionic bonding and lattice energy. Covalent bond, a review: polar molecules, polarization capacity and polarizability. Metallic bond. Intermolecular forces. Bonding-properties relationship. 3. Diffusion. Mechanisms of diffusion. Steady state diffusion: Fick¿s first law. Non-steady state diffusion: Fick¿s second law. Factors that influence diffusivity. Examples. 4. Crystal structure of metals and defects. Unit cell and crystalline systems. Main metallic structures (BCC, FCC, HCP). Atomic positions, directions and planes in crystalline structures: Miller indices. Linear, planar and volumetric density. Imperfections in real crystals: thermodynamic justification. Point defects: vacancy, interstitial, Schottky and Frenkel. Dislocations, slip systems and plastic deformation. Planar defects: grain boundaries (Hall-Petch relation), stacking faults, twin boundaries. Solid solutions: types, Hume-Rothery rules. 5. Phase diagrams. Basic concepts. Gibbs phase rule. Binary isomorphous phase diagrams. Non-equilibrium solidification: microsegregation. Binary eutectic systems: reaction and microstructure. Other invariant reactions. The Fe-C system: invariant reactions. Eutectoid, hypo and hyper eutectoid steels. 6. Mechanical properties. Uniaxial tensile test: stress-strain curve. Another mechanical tests. Strengthening mechanisms. Fracture and fatigue. 7. Heat treatments. Annealing processes. Isothermal and continuous cooling transformations. Non-equilibrium diffusionless transformation: martensite. Hardenability. Precipitation phenomena. 8. Metals. Importance on bioengineering. Stainless steels. Titanium alloys. 9. Ceramics. Structure of common bioceramics. Properties and processing of ceramics. Glasses in bioengineering. 10. Polymers. Basic definitions, general properties and examples. Classification. Synthesis: addition, condensation, examples. Molecular features. Crystallinity. Factors that affect crystallinity. Mechanical behavior of polymers. Types of polymers: thermoplastic, thermosets, elastomers, comparative study of their properties. Implant polymers. Polymer processing: extrusion, injection, blow molding, rotational molding, thermoforming. 11. Composite materials. Definition and types. Composites in nature. Classification. Types of constituents. Fiber reinforced composites: roles of matrix and reinforcement. Types of fibers: glass, carbon, polyamides. Mechanical behavior of fibers. Structural composites: sandwich, laminates. Elastic behavior: isostress and isostrain conditions. Strength. The role of the interphase. Examples. 12. Additive manufacturing. Concepts and examples.

Master classes, collective tutorials, individual tutorials, homework; oriented to attainment of theoretical knowledge. Problem solving lectures in small groups, laboratory practicals, individual tutorials and homework; oriented to attainment of practical knowledge and skills related with the syllabus.