The course offers an introduction to the notion of documentary, exploring historical and epistemological issues. The concept of "telling the real" is analyzed, considering the staging and rhetorical mediation. The evolution of the document to the plot is studied, as well as the relationship between documentary and fiction, and its role in the construction of the historical narrative. In addition, the "documentary effect" and the modes of reception by the public are addressed, culminating with an examination of the state and trends of the documentary in the twenty-first century.