Basic knowledge of plasma physics and solid state physics including optical, electrical, and dielectric properties.

The purpose of this course is to introduce the students to the problem of nuclear fusion plasma diagnosis and the main issues for insulators operating in future fusion reactors, including the experimental procedures to simulate radiation damage due to fusion environment. The course includes the experimental techniques to measure optical, electrical and dielectric properties during irradiation of advanced insulators for fusion. The course will provide the student with a basic knowledge of plasma diagnostics, radiation damage processes in solids, experimental techniques to measure optical, electrical and dielectric properties during irradiation and the experimental procedures to simulate radiation damage due to fusion radiation environment.

1. The plasma diagnostic problem. MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS: Rogowski probes, multipolar probes, plasma resistivity measurement, diamagnetic measurements and their interpretation. Measurement of magnetic surfaces on plasma without current (stellarators). MICROWAVE AND INFRARED SYSTEMS: Interferometry, tomography and Abel inversion, Polarimetry, ¿scattering¿. Reflectometry. THOMSON SCATTERING: temperature and electronic density measurement based on Thomson Scattering: fundamentals, technologies, LIDAR. SPECTROSCOPY IN PLASMAS: X-rays, estimation of the effective plasma ion charge, visible and UV spectroscopy. Doppler-broadening and sliding measurement. Intensities of lines and their relationship to impurity content. Charge-exchange spectroscopy. PARTICLE DIAGNOSTICS: Charge exchange, neutral beam for active charge exchange, heavy ion beam probe, Langmuir probes. ELECTRICAL FIELD MEASUREMENT: Doppler spectroscopy, ¿Motional Stark effect¿, heavy ion beam probe. MEASUREMENT OF FUSION PRODUCTS: neutron spectroscopy, alpha particles that escape from the plasma, gamma emissions. 2. Materials technology. General introduction (Operating Environment. Radiation Damage). Electrical Properties (Electrical Degradation, insulating gases, Measurement systems). Dielectric Properties. Optical Properties (Problems for windows and fibres, in-situ techniques).

* Teaching methods: Classroom lectures and classroom problem solving sessions. Homework assignments. * Course Material: Lecture notes. Virtual facilities (a dedicated web page) will be also provided with the aim of improving the interaction with the lecturers and the learning of the subject.