Essential and general knowledge (high school level) on all historical periods and on fundamental concepts of political theory.

- Understanding of the basic political theories on the emergence of states - Understanding of the basic political theories on the development and capacity of states - Ability to analyze historical and political contexts where states arise and develop - Understanding of the different historical phases in the development of states

K1: Identify the key historical processes of history, from Antiquity to globalization, recognizing their political and social implications K2: To know the historical evolution of political institutions, from Antiquity to the present day, identifying their impact on government systems K4: Classify the different political systems and governance structures at the global level, comparing their similarities and differences K5: Describe the actors, institutions, and processes that shape international relations, explaining their influence on the global landscape K6: To compare historical economic systems, relating them to their socio-political context from Antiquity to the present day S1: Build solid historical and political arguments from a rigorous documentary base S2: Apply logical and creative thinking in solving complex historiographical and political problems S3: Experiment with research methodologies, simulating historical or political situations relevant to their analysis S5: Demonstrate academic writing skills by crafting essays and articles based on original research S8: Creating innovative approaches to address historical and political problems S9: Observe historical and political phenomena with a critical and contextual perspective C1: Have critical and analytical skills evaluating historical sources and political texts to interpret their relevance in real contexts C2: Solve complex problems by adapting historical and political knowledge to propose effective solutions in contemporary situations C3: Actively participate in interdisciplinary projects to analyze historical and political phenomena from multiple perspectives

PART 1: THEORY OF THE STATE 1. Definitions of the State in the Social Sciences 2. State and war 3. The extractive capacity of the State 4. The coercive capacity of the State 5. The redistributive capacity of the State: the Welfare State 6. The territorial organization of the State: Federalism 7. The size of countries PART 2: STATE FORMS FROM THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN STATE TO CONTEMPORANEITY. 1. The Beginnings of the Modern State. Conditioning and Basis. 2. The Practice of Leviathan and Westphalian States 3. Centralization and State Reformism. 4. The National State and the Revolutionary Processes. Communism State. 5. The First International Organizations and Sovereignty of the States.

AF1. THEORETICAL-PRACTICAL CLASSES. In these classes the knowledge to be acquired by the students will be presented. They will receive the class notes and will have basic reference texts to facilitate the follow-up of the classes and the development of the subsequent work. Exercises and practical problems will be solved by the student and workshops and evaluation tests will be carried out to acquire the necessary skills. AF2. TUTORIALS. Individualized assistance (individual tutorials) or in group (collective tutorials) to the students by the professor. AF3. INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP WORK OF THE STUDENT. MD1. THEORY CLASS. Class lectures by the professor with the support of computer and audiovisual media, in which the main concepts of the subject are developed and materials and bibliography are provided to complement the students' learning. MD2. REDUCED. Resolution of practical cases, problems, etc. posed by the teacher individually or in groups. MD3. TUTORIALS. Individualized assistance (individual tutorials) or group (group tutorials) to students by the professor.