Cross-Border Company Law
1.- General aspects
a) Companies and their regulation: articles of incorporation, bylaws, Company and shareholders¿ agreements, arbitration and forum selection clauses.
b) Company patrimony and its legal and accounting representation. Capital (shares and stakes) debt and hybrid instruments. Comparative perspectives: Company patrimony and flexibility of configuration.
c) Company and agency problems: owners-managers, majority-minority, company-creditors. Corporate interest. Comparative perspectives: governance techniques and mandatory rules.
2.- Company organization and corporate governance
a) Shareholders¿ meeting and directors. Decision-making, appointment and removal in the law, bylaws and agreements. Comparative perspectives: party autonomy, board competences, proxies and empty voting.
b) Directors¿ pay: Company and contractual dimension. Comparative perspectives: freedom of contract, remuneration beyond company documents.
c) Directors¿ duties and responsibility. Comparative perspectives: business judgment rule, loyalty duties, non-competition and abstention duties.
d) Shareholder relations (I): legal and contractual mechanisms of appointment, participation and veto. Comparative perspectives: unfair prejudice.
e) Shareholder relations (II): entry and exit. Comparative perspectives: forced exit and liquidity mechanisms.
f) Groups of companies. Comparative perspectives: law of corporate groups in selected jurisdictions.
3.- Capital and patrimony
a) Transactions including capital and net worth. Basic concepts and accounting. Comparative perspective: shareholders¿ equity.
b) Dividends and fund distributions. Comparative perspectives: dividend distribution and share repurchases, decision-making, accounting and limits.
c) Treasury shares and financial assistance. Comparative perspective: uses and limits of treasury shares and financial assistance.
d) Situations of patrimonial imbalance. Comparative perspectives: operating in the twilight zone.